西太平洋暖池海温和山西盛夏降水关系研究     

张冬峰  王永光  张国宏 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):60-67

利用1961—2016年山西盛夏(7—8月)平均降水和同期NOAA重构海温资料,分析了山西盛夏降水分别与赤道中东太平洋海温和西太平洋暖池海温相关性的变化。结果表明:山西盛夏降水和赤道中东太平洋海温之间呈现稳定的显著负相关;和西太平洋暖池海温呈现正相关,并在20世纪70年代末到80年代初之后相关性加强,通过了0.05显著性检验。进一步分析表明,这种西太平洋暖池海温对20世纪80年代以来山西盛夏降水指示意义加强的事实,主要体现在赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷的背景下。西太平洋暖池海温异常通过影响与山西盛夏降水密切相关的大气环流、季风槽位置和东亚夏季风,导致山西盛夏降水异常。盛夏赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷时,西太平洋暖池海温偏暖(冷),通过遥相关引起中高纬度大气欧亚—太平洋型遥相关(EUP)和负太平洋—日本(PJ)波列,通过影响季风槽位置偏西偏北(偏东偏南),引起西太平洋副热带高压偏北(南)和季风指数偏小(大),导致山西盛夏降水偏多(少)。  相似文献   

A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014     

Jie TANG  Xueliang GUO  Yi CHANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):463-477

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneous freezing process. The growth of graupel particles mainly relies on the riming process with supercooled cloud water and aggregation of snow particles.  相似文献   

一次强飑线过程极端大风的中尺度分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈杭锋  方桃妮  蓝俊倩  翟国庆  苏涛 《气象学报》2019,77(5):806-822

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站加密观测资料和GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风廓线等资料,通过背景形势场分析、物理量诊断分析和中尺度分析,对2018年3月4日发生在华东地区的强飑线天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次过程具有发生时间(季节)早、移速快、范围广、致灾强等特点,是一次比较少见的早春(冬末)十分强烈的飑线天气过程,是在高空急流辐散区、低空西南急流轴前端、低涡南侧的暖区中发展起来的。飑线过程的地面要素变化十分剧烈,地面有强冷池,与飑线前暖空气之间构成了强的水平温度梯度,致使飑线强度更强;飑线经过时气压涌升所形成的雷暴高压、强气压梯度以及飑线的快速移动均有利于地面极端大风的出现。飑线发展过程中观测到弓形回波、超级单体等强天气系统。中高层动量下传和光滑湖面、喇叭口、狭管效应等特殊地形对于大风的增强效应比较显著,这些因素也加剧了地面极端大风的形成。   相似文献   

Main Detrainment Height of Deep Convection Systems over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Southern Slope     

Quanliang CHEN  Guolu GAO  Yang LI  Hongke CAI  Xin ZHOU  Zhenglin WANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1078-1088

Deep convection systems (DCSs) can rapidly lift water vapor and other pollutants from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The main detrainment height determines the level to which the air parcel is lifted. We analyzed the main detrainment height over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope based on the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar 2B_GEOPROF dataset and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Level 2 cloud ice product onboard the A-train constellation of Earth-observing satellites. It was found that the DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope have a higher main detrainment height (about 10?16 km) than other regions in the same latitude. The mean main detrainment heights are 12.9 and 13.3 km over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope, respectively. The cloud ice water path decreases by 16.8% after excluding the influences of DCSs, and the height with the maximum increase in cloud ice water content is located at 178 hPa (about 13 km). The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are higher and larger over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau, the west of the southern slope, and the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau than that over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are lower and broader at nighttime than during daytime.  相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAIN TO BASIN WINDS ON THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN FOG OVER THE SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA     

张福颖  刘海文  朱玉祥  赵亮  段伯隆  傅宁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):257-268

There is an increased demand for the accurate prediction of fog events in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) using numerical methods. A dense fog event that occurred over the SCB on 22 December 2016 was investigated. The results show that this dense fog event was influenced by the southwest of a low pressure with a weak horizontal pressure gradient and high relative humidity. This fog event showed typical diurnal variations. The fog began to form at 1800 UTC on 21 December 2016 (0200 local standard time on 22 December 2016) and dissipated at 0600 UTC on 22 December 2016 (1400 local standard time on 22 December 2016). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was able to partially reproduce the main features of this fog event and the diurnal variation in the local mountain to basin winds. The simulated horizontal visibility and liquid water content were used to characterize the fog. The mountain to basin winds had an important role in the diurnal variation of the fog event. The positive feedback mechanism between the fog and mountain to basin winds was good for the formation and maintain of the fog during the night. During the day, the mountain to basin wind displayed a transition from downslope flows to upslope flows. Water vapor evaporated easily from the warm, strong upslope winds, which resulted in the dissipation of fog during the day. The topography surrounding the SCB favored the lifting and condensation of air parcels in the lower troposphere as a result of the low height of the lifting condensation level.  相似文献   

西藏改则县多龙矿集区斑岩型铜金矿床的地质特征与成矿-找矿模型   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

陈红旗  曲晓明  范淑芳 《矿床地质》2015,34(2):321-332

多龙矿集区位于班公湖_怒江成矿带西段、羌塘地块南缘的岩浆弧中。过去十多年来,西藏地勘局第五地质大队在多龙矿集区内已发现和评价了多不杂、波龙、地堡那木岗、拿若、荣那等5处大型、超大型铜金多金属矿床,目前已探明的铜资源量近1000万吨,金300余吨。区内以斑岩型铜金矿床为主,兼有斑岩_浅成低温热液型和斑岩_角砾岩型矿化组合。研究发现,矿区黄铁矿的δ34S值变化于-2.2‰~2.3‰之间,平均为0.2‰,峰值在-1‰~1‰之间,塔式效应明显,接近幔源硫,显示成矿物质来源于深部岩浆;成矿温度介于250~420℃之间,成矿深度1~5 km,成矿流体为残余岩浆流体,大气降水在成矿过程中的作用不明显。作者根据多年的勘查实践,总结出多龙矿集区斑岩型铜金矿最有效的找矿勘查方法技术组合是:地质+化探(水系沉积物)+物探(高精度磁测、激电中梯)+钻探。  相似文献   

Physical analog (centrifuge) model investigation of contrasting structural styles in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau,northern Pakistan     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

We use scaled physical analog (centrifuge) modeling to investigate along- and across-strike structural variations in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau of the Himalayan foreland fold-thrust belt of Pakistan. The models, composed of interlayered plasticine and silicone putty laminae, comprise four mechanical units representing the Neoproterozoic Salt Range Formation (basal detachment), Cambrian–Eocene carapace sequence, and Rawalpindi and Siwalik Groups (Neogene molasse), on a rigid base representing the Indian craton. Pre-cut ramps simulate basement faults with various structural geometries.A pre-existing north-dipping basement normal fault under the model foreland induces a frontal ramp and a prominent fault-bend-fold culmination, simulating the Salt Range. The ramp localizes displacement on a frontal thrust that occurs out-of-sequence with respect to other foreland folds and thrusts. With a frontal basement fault terminating to the east against a right-stepping, east-dipping lateral ramp, deformation propagates further south in the east; strata to the east of the lateral ramp are telescoped in ENE-trending detachment folds, fault-propagation folds and pop-up structures above a thick basal detachment (Salt Range Formation), in contrast to translated but less-deformed strata with E–W-trending Salt-Range structures to the west. The models are consistent with Salt Range–Potwar Plateau structural style contrasts being due to basement fault geometry and variation in detachment thickness.  相似文献   

青藏高原、中国东部及北美副热带地区夏季降水系统发生频次的TRMM资料分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周胜男  罗亚丽  汪会 《气象》2015,41(1):1-16

利用1998—2011年夏季（6—8月）TRMM卫星资料分析青藏高原（TP）、中国东部（EC）及北美副热带西部（WNA）和东部（ENA）降水系统的发生频次,定义降水系统为TRMM测雨雷达观测到近地面有降水的相邻像元组成的个体,即RPF （Radar Precipitation Feature）,将RPF分为全体RPF、大面积RPF（面积＞1000 km2）和小面积RPF（面积不＜400 km2）3组,对比分析四个区域内各组的RPF个数发生频次和RPF像元个数发生频次,主要结果如下：（1）全体RPF的个数发生频次在青藏高原地区最高,北美东部地区最低;全体RPF的降水像元个数发生频次在中国东部最高,青藏高原最低。（2）四个区域内RPF发生频次的日变化主要为单峰结构,峰值出现在当地午后至傍晚,且大面积RPF的峰值时间晚于小面积RPF的;中国东部地区RPF降水像元个数发生频次则具有双峰结构。（3）RPF降水像元个数发生频次的分析结果与以往基于地面观测降水量的分析结果相似。  相似文献   

黄土高原春季干旱时空分异特征     

姚玉璧  王劲松  王莺  杨金虎  李俭峰  雷俊 《高原气象》2015,34(1):30-38

采用基于相对湿润度的干旱指数分析方法和黄土高原1961 2010年气候要素资料,研究了黄土高原春季干旱时空变化、异常分布和次区域演变特征。结果表明:1961 2010年黄土高原春季干旱强度变化呈现明显中心区域强、周边区域弱的分布特征,其中中部腹地干旱强度增加趋势倾向率最大,中部周边干旱强度增加次之,东北部和西部边缘呈减弱趋势。研究区不同区域春季干旱强度呈同位相变化是干旱变化的首要空间分布模态,异常中心区域在陕北、陇东及宁夏西南部。东西部反相位分布模态反映了黄土高原东西部所受大气系统影响差异性的特征。根据载荷向量不同模态空间异常分布型,可将春季干旱划分为西北部型、东北部型和南部型等3个次区域异常型,南部春季干旱强度时间序列呈显著增强趋势,其由弱变强的突变点出现在1977年,西北部和东北部干旱强度也呈波动增强趋势,但未通过显著性检验,没有突变。西北部和南部春季干旱指数存在显著的3~4年振荡周期,东北部存在显著的5~6年振荡周期。  相似文献   

THE EFFECTS OF THE PLATEAU''S TOPOGRAPHIC GRADIENT ON ROSSBY WAVES AND ITS NUMERICAL SIMULATION     

何钰  李国平 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(4):337-351

By using barotropic model equations, this article analyzed the characteristics of Rossby waves, the propagation features of wave energy and the influence of dynamic and thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau on Rossby waves, and the focus is on discussing the plateau's topographic gradient effects on atmospheric Rossby waves. Then based on the WRF3.2 and the NCEP/NCAR FNL reanalysis data, we devised comparative tests of changing the plateau's topographic gradient and simulated a process of persistent heavy rain that happened in May 2010 in South China. The results are shown as follows. The Tibetan Plateau’s topography is conducive to the formation of atmospheric Rossby waves. while the plateau's terrain, its friction and heating effects can all make the atmospheric Rossby waves develop into the planetary waves; The effects of plateau's north and south slopes on the Rossby wave’ phase velocity is opposite, and when the slope reached a certain value can the quasi-steady normal fluctuations be generated; Simultaneously, due to the plateau's topographic gradient, descending motion appears at the west side of the plateau while ascending motion appears at the east side, and the vertical movement increased with the amplification of topographic gradients. The plateau's topographic gradient also obviously amplified the precipitation in South China, and the rainfall area increased with the amplification of topographic gradients and gradually moved from south to north and from west to east, which is conducive to the occurrence and development of convective activities in the downstream areas of the Tibetan Plateau; Moreover, for the plateau’s dynamic and thermal effects, the Rossby wave’ propagation shows upstream effects of energy dispersion, so the plateau can then affect the weather in downstream areas. Moreover, the wave group velocity increased with the degree of topographic slope.  相似文献